also sprach nietzsche II – existentialismu si filozovia  

Thrown (Ţâpat) in , , ,

In am inceput mai general, cu citate din Nietzsche si o lista iutub. Aici-sa zicem cu detalii si carti existentialiste si general-introductive.

vulturu' lu' zarathustra Ce cred eu despre Nietzsche si opera sa?

nazismu’

In primul rand, ma enerveaza la culme asocierea sa cu nazistii. Propaganda nazista a fost geniala in aceea ca a stiut sa apeleze la partile cele mai intunecate ale constiintei colective impingand in fata in mod selectiv cateva dintre cele mai luminoase simboluri si ganduri ale culturii umane. Svastika, un simbol milenar al orientalilor asociat cu pacea si stabilitatea adoptat pana si de Rudyard Kipling (vezi ce-nseamna sa fii Om) a avut probabil de suferit cel mai mult. Dar nici Nietzsche, care in acele vremuri tocmai incepuse sa fie cunoscut n-a scapat cu basma curata, chit ca el renuntase cu prima ocazie la cetatenia prusaca (proto-germana), devenind apatrid, si s-a considerat intotdeauna mai mult polonez decat neamt. El face parte din contingentul cultural rechizitionat, nationalizat si apropriat (samavolnic, duh!) de nazisti – insulta la care s-a adaugat apoi injuria de a fi apoi asociat cu gandirea extremista. La polul opus, Freud a fost puternic influentat de ideea lui N de a cauta motivatii simple, atavice pentru actiunile si credintele omenesti, iar Cioran se numara si el printre cei atinsi de imbratisarea sa cerebrala.

dumniezo

N n-a avut nici o agenda politica, el incercand sa se adreseze intelectului cititorilor sai si lasand aplicatiile practice pentru cei mai putin bolnavi si mai functionali fizic ca el. Totusi, cele mai citate 3 cuvinte din prolifica sa opera, “God is dead”, dau deseori celor care nu au rabdare sau capacitate de intelegere pentru a-l citi suficienta munitie pentru a-i arde gandirea pe rugul rezervat ereticilor. Probabil intrebarea fundamentala pe care tre’ sa ti-o pui inainte de a-ncepe sa-i rumegi scrierile ateist-individualist-hedoniste este in ce masura poti accepta retrairea propriei vieti, in fiecare detaliu, ad infinitum. Daca poti si vrei, vei intelege ca desprinderea de inrobirea cerebrala inerenta mai tuturor credintelor religioase este in fond un demers umanist, nascut inca de la Renastere, si nu inventia lui N.

moralitate si religie – pentru zdrente?

Multe se pot spune despre ideile sale oarecum mai transante. Este clar ca au aparut spre sfarsitul vietii, cand trupul sau era din ce in ce mai mancat de boala (probabil sifilis – ca Eminovici?). Oare nu-i normal ca cineva care incearca sa gaseasca puterea de a continua sa traiasca intr-un trup care-l inseala tot mai des sa alunece in panta ascutirii contrastelor?

Cat despre religie, el isi rezerva intr-adevar sagetile cele mai ascutite pentru religia crestina, pe care o vede ca fiind corupatoare si coruptibila, pangarind nobilele si profund umanele valori ale Romei (orgii Devil?) cu un amestec morbid si putrid de scarna nesanatoasa. Si totusi, nu-i singurul om care a pus sub semnul intrebarii inchinarea catre unul sau mai multi zei si trecerea prin viata sub semnul si in numele mortii si al vietii de apoi…

also sprach ala cu ‘s’

Cartea asta-i scrisa in limbaj biblic, dar, ca mai toate scrierile lui N, nu surade religiei si in special crestinismului. E plina de metafore naturofile de sorginte naiv pre-socratica. Iata ce zice keylawk:

Zarathustra is NOT a proponent of objectivist nihilism. He is explicitly trying to FREE humankind from metaphysics and its thin-lipped sour Schopenhauer bower. It is Socratic! The opposite of a Will with a need to be UBER.

Zarathustra arrives to make way fur die Ubermensch. Eternal return as optimistic destiny. A startling rejection of Wagnerian pessimism and his own earlier teaching.

Zarathustra (care de fapt e N deghizat) e un super-smeker singuratec, incapatanat (sau self-confident, self-sufficient & self-assured, dupa caz), introspectiv intelept care facea figuri insotit de un sarpe si-un vultur. Desi el insusi bolnav, N considera ca numai cei mai sanatosi, care pot iubi viata in totalitatea sa, pot imbratisa acesta stare de gratie psiho-mentala. Este deci de mirare ca aceste idei au fost folosite de un regim ce propovaduia o rasa superioara de oameni inalti si blonzi, regim condus de un popandau rotofei, scund si brunet? Este oare posibil ca atat filozofia lui N, cat si cosmarul rasei superioare sa fie o uriasa proiectare a luptei cu sine si cu nevrozele / neajunsurile personale a unor outgrown egos onto unsuspecting contemporaries?

existentialismu’ si studiul filosofiei

N este considerat alaturi de Kierkegaard ca fiind primii existentialisti involuntari. Existentialismul emite o oarecare nemultumire cu filosofia clasica, pe care o vede ca fiind mult prea abstracta si neraspunzand nevoilor umane. Imi place s-o vad ca pe un protestantism secular.

Mi-am pus mai demult intrebarea cum este cel mai bine sa-ncepi studiul filosofiei. Nu cred ca-i indicat sa-ncepi in mod cronologic, intrucat exprimarea clasicilor este dificila. “Plato e plictisitor” a zis N. Pe de alta parte, sa-ncepi cu existentialistii din prima si cu dispretul lor relativ pentru filosofia ce i-a precedat ar putea fi prea seductiv si deci periculos, in absenta unor cunostinte mai aprofundate despre clasici. Am inclus asadar sub surse cateva carti recomandate incepatorilor, ca si mine. Iata ce zice Existanai:

To hell with most surveys. They're largely irritating and biased, if not in favour of Analytic and other so-called "philosophy", then in favour of oversimplistic views that can end up hampering your appreciation or understanding of philosophical works, leading you to repeat the kinds of cliches that philosophy ought to avoid or shatter. I would recommend looking for the (hard to find) book What is That--Philosophy? by Heidegger, then comparing it with What is Philosophy? by Deleuze and perhaps Thus Spake Zarathustra by Nietzsche. Don't expect any hard facts. These are works of philosophy themselves, which start you thinking right away. (Every attempt at describing philosophy inherently holds a philosophical bias, so don't put too much faith in allegedly 'objective' or 'neutral' books.) Then commence tackling the standard canons of East and West as you see fit. There is no need to seek a chronological order, although each book will lead you to order your reading in any case and seek out the most common names - Hegel, Kant, Plato, etc., the Tao Te Ching or the Bhagavad Gita. It takes years to read them all so don't get impatient, even if every new book assumes you know fifty other major classics. If you do need some clarification or quick overviews, then do look up the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online - http://www.rep.routledge.com/ or some of the shorter works mentioned above, but don't consider any of them to be the final word. And please pardon my lack of humility - no, I do not have any qualifications.
Existentialism by Robert C. Solomon (Paperback - Sep 1 2004) (.CA, .UK, .FR, .DE, .JP, .cn) Existentialism For Dummies by Christopher Panza and Gregory Gale (Paperback - Jul 18 2008) (.CA, .UK, .FR, .DE, .JP, .cn) Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre by Walter Kaufmann (Paperback - Jan 1 1957) (.CA, .UK, .FR, .DE, .JP, .cn)

Sources / More info: google-books-thus-spake-1, google-books-thus-spoke-2, nietzsche-bbc-documentary, nietzsche-society, library-thing-thus-spoke, also-sprach-gutenberg-etext, also-sprach-librivox-audio, also-sprach-gutenberg-original-de, nietzsche-philosophy-talk, nietzsche-source, nietzsche-forum, wiki-existentialism, philosophy-intro, existentialism-intro

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